Amazing Pottery

How can I get free information about the history of Pottery all around the world? How it's begun, from where and when? How it expands till now? Is there any one can help me?

where can I find the history of a venetian pottery merchant? I need a source for information on a 11th century venetian pottery merchant for an essay.

I am trying to find history on any pottery signed Ana 2? I have 3 bowls signed on the bottom Ana 2 and I am hoping someone can tell me where they were made.

Who are the makers of Scar pottery Italy and any history please?

History of "Zoomorphic Pottery during Neolithic Period used by Shandong Longshan Culture"?

history of Royal Cauldon Pottery Hull England?

can anyone help me with the HISTORY of LINDRICK POTTERY. thanks?

HISTORY of Egyptian, Greek and Chinese pottery?

Some questions about the pottery wheel? First...How does spinning a wheel on the pottery wheel create pottery? 2nd. How does speed of the wheel affect building what you are making? and last...What is the history of the pottery wheel? How was the connection between spinning and making pots made? Any info. on these questions would be great. OR websites or books that you can reccomend are just as helpful...thanks!

value and history of a GilmourThomson & Co Ltd Glasgow pottery whisky bottle? Jug has "JORUM" reputed quart

history of chinese neolithic pottery 2350-2050 b.c. (jajiayao culture)?

Can you tell me about the history of "royal warwick" ? My mother-in-law has a blue transfer ware plate by Royal Warwick potteries, England, from its Lochs of Scotland series and is titled Loch Otch. It depicts a sailing ship on a loch and we were wondering how old is the plate.

English pottery crown hallmark information? Hi there! I was wondering whether anyone could tell me what the different types of crown found on English pottery mean. Does anyone know any history sites regarding crowns, or does anyone have any information? And can anyone tell me what a crown with 2 crosses either side of its centre and a cross on top with what looks like 3 dashes on the base signifies? What period does it represent? Thanks!

i am looking for information on an american pottery co by the name wardle and co circa 1883 to 1909? it may be an art pottery and ceramics co. antiques. history pictures, values of pieces made by this co.

Kerala on the South West Coast of India had trade relations with Rome and Greece, how far back in history? According to Gibbon, "Decline and fall of the Roman Empire", Alaric the Goth asked for 3000 pounds of Kerala pepper as ransom to free the Fathers of Rome. Earlier Pliny complains about the large quantity of Roman coins flowing out of Rome to India in exchange for Pepper and Pearls of Kerala. Gold and Silver coins of Augustus Caesar, Tiberius, Hadrian, Nero are discovered in large quantities in Kerala even today, esp. near places like Parur and Palayur. Roman amphore and pottery have been found in Kerala and Pondicherry.There are some references perhaps in the Bible about Solomon having contacts with Kerala. Are there more concrete evidences for Roman and Greek contacts with Kerala?

why is there no memory in history when primorial man awoke intellectually..or is there??? ...parchments..pottery..or did everything decay...or break down because ..things were so fragile..and the land and time so difficult..to save things?

Where can I find information on Los Angeles Potteries? I recently bought a set of brown spongeware dishes. The mark on the bottom of one of the dishes says Los Angeles Potteries 1971 ovenware. I was wondering if anyone knew where I could find some information/history on the company or the dishes. Thanks guys.

What sort of technology did the inuits have? (THIS IS TO DO WITH HISTORY! SO DONT' SAY I'M LIKE TALKING AS THERE DEAD OK!) Could they make pottery? What did they cook in? Could they make tools for hunting or farming? Did they have anything else to make ther lives easier?

please help me with these art history questions (no its not my midterm) only productive answers plse and thnx?

what is the history of my antique teacup and saucer? the tea cup says : Bone China D 66 6 Royal Vale made in england product of ridgway pottery 150 LTD N * 8276 my saucer is: Bone China C 66 8 Royal Vale made in england product of ridgway LTD both are in wonderful condition. I just want to the history and I am not selling it I just want to know about it? thank you! My cup and saucer design is not found on that page... does anyone know how old they are? they look so new and perfect. does anyone know any books I can read to educate myself about the various makers, marks, processes and values of bone china.

Ceramics & Art History...? I have to make a vase for my ceramics that is based on one from a certain culture in a specific time period. Does anybody know of any good websites to get ideas from. I am looking for french and italian pottery in particular but pottery from other cultures would be great too!! Thanks!

Looking to find inspiration for an "Art History" Project...?!? I'm NOT an art major, but i'm taking an "Art History" elective, a part of our grade is an actual project. We were just given the assignment, which isn't due until mid April; though, I have no idea what precisely i'd like to make, nor a good way to go about doing it. So, to help me brainstorm, maybe trigger some embedded creativity, I thought i'd inquire if anybody had basic suggestions?, or could educate me with their advice? I know it's a broad question, hence, answers might be obscure and/or vague It can be in any form my mind comes up with(painting/drawing/sketch/stained glass/sculpture/statue/diagram/pottery/multimedia/song/video...ETC); and I can choose any concept from "Western Culture" We've traced back to paleolithic man. My areas of interest are Egypt, Greek, Roman, Early medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic Art; although i'll do another subject if more convenient. All feedback is appreciated (Even if you tell me to build a pyramid from sugar cubes) Thanks a bunch..!!

Why do archaeologists have to dig? Ok, this is a serious question. I feel ashamed not to know the answers, but I never understood this. I was standing in an early medieval church in Ireland a few years back. It had been excavated and its ground floor was now at least a meter below ground. How did it get there? I don’t understand the process, of how pottery, churches, spearheads, streets or dinosaur bones for that matter, disappear below ground. I know that the ground consists of layers, and that geologists can determine the date of a find, by looking at the layer it comes from. But how are these layers formed? I don’t suppose the earth got any bigger? Where did the ground on top of these finds come from? How does the earth burry its own history? Now I know that floods, wind and volcanic activity can shift soil and leave deposits, but surely that cannot account for all of this. And then how is it possible that in Australia the remains of pre-historic campfires can still be found on the surface? Thanks!

What did the Northwest Indians use instead of pottery? Its for history

what is attractive about the tsuruga-jo castle in aizu-wakamatsu, japan? - famous /attractive exhibits of the castle. - benefits of the visit to the castle. - history. - brief introduction. - festivals. - artifacts /pottery. or any others related. thanks alot [:

Art history help 10 pts!? 1.The monks who lived in remote regions of Japan and were self sufficient, using simple tasks such as sewing to meditate, were practicing what is known as Zen Buddhism. True False 2.In Japanese early architecture, a shrine built in the Shinto fashion is dedicated to the sun goddess, who is said to be the progenitor of the imperial family. True False 3. Some Japanese pottery, recently dated by modern scientific methods, proves that these pieces were made earlier than 10,000 BCE, making them the oldest pieces now known. True False 4. A hanging scroll, called a mantra, assisted those who wanted to learn all the different gods, which were depicted on it, and their interrelationships in the Buddhist tradition. True False 5.The enormous Olmec stone heads, found in La Venta, Mexico and other population centers, are thought to represent ancient gods. True False 6.The Moche culture of the Peruvian mountains are credited with the development of the first calendar system for the purpose of recording historical events. True False

Homework help...history question? I need to know about lead glazed pottery so I can write an informational article abotu it for a newspaper I have to make for social studies. I can't fidn anythign about it online though! Who invented it ? What does it do? etc, etc... help!

Greek Pottery? History? Who bought it: (Rich or Poor)

How can I re-write this paragraph? African art has played a significant role in the culture and history of the world. It goes back into the mists of time, with earliest examples being figures of people and animals carved into rocks. Its distinguishing characteristics and inspirations have influenced many artists to adapt their own interpretations of the art in their own time period. There are thousands of different ethnic groups in Africa. African art has largely widespread characteristics which make it distinctly African. There are seven major types of art produced in Africa. They are masks, textiles, baskets, metalwork, furniture, pottery and beadwork. I am going to talk about a couple of these and where and when they came about. I am also going to discuss, the different influences of African art on western and modern art, the traditions of African art, and the history of African art in different areas of Africa.

Art History A Please Help? i fill pick a best answer so please user souces and do your research please and thanks

Art History True and False help !? True or False 1) Stonehenge, the enormous circle of stones built in Prehistoric Europe, could be called a “megalithic” structure. 2) High relief is the term we use when we describe the two bisons found in the cave in Tuc d’Aubert which were made from the clay found on the cave floor. 3) Potsherds, broken pieces of pottery, are among the most valuable of finds for the archeologist because they are used in dating the site in which they were found. 4) To answer correctly, the questions put to them by the god Osiris, early Egyptians of position would take Books of the Dead with them to the grave to ensure them entry into the serene Field of Reeds in the afterlife. 5) The sculpture of a male figure, called a Kouros, made in Ancient Greece shows us the posture known as “contraposto”, where one leg is weight bearing and the other is relaxed.

if you love history this is for you? Which of the following is NOT studied by archaeologists? Ecofacts or natural features found near a site Artifacts such as pottery, weapons, or artwork made by human hands Social interaction between groups of people Evidence of past human activities All of the above were studied by archaeologists What element, found in all plants and animals, is used by scientists to determine approximate dates for an artifact’s age? Carbon Mercury Gold Oxygen Iron Which of the following is NOT a step used by archaeologists? Locating a possible site of past human life Excavating or digging a site Recording the data and evidence found at the dig Interviewing people who lived at the site All of the above are steps used by archaeologists. What scientific Family classification do humans belong to? Primate Hominids Homosapiens Mammalia Neanderthals

Can anyone help me with this history project? I am supposed to come to class with my face painted like the Ancient Hebrews, except the Ancient Hebrews didnt wear face paint or make up. at least i dont think they did. My teachers said that if your civilization didnt paint their faces then you should research the patterns they used on clothing/pottery etc. and transfer those patterns onto you face. its a really lame project and its pretty irrelevant to what we are learning, but i have to do it and my teachers wont listen to me when i tell them that the hebrews didnt have face paint. does anyone know what hebrew patterns looked like? a website with pics would help a bunch. thx

plz plz help me with this i really need help history? 21. The bantu kingdoms of central and southern africa controlled the a.salt trade b.copper aand gold mines of the interior c.pottery trade d.red sea and associated trade routes 22.The first emperor off rome to defend chriatianity was a.augustus b.augustine c.constantine d.theodosius 23.a phalanx is a greek military formation made up of a.rows of closely-arrayed foot b.warships escorting merchant vessels c.archers on the top of the acropolis d.noblemen on horseback 24.The king who intorduced islamic culture to mali was a.mansa musa b.askia muhammad c.piankhi d.sundiata keita 25.The hellenistic philosopher who advised people to ignore their emotions and accept difficult circumstances was named a.zeno b.diogenes c.euclid d.aristotle 26.The religion founded by siddhartha gautama is a.buddhism b.islam c.stoicism d.himduism 27.The chinese dynasty that ruled for more than 800 years was the a.qin b.shang c.han d.zhou

What type of glaze do I need to bisque tiles? Any experts with a few tips? I actually want to paint a bisque wash basin. They have matching toilets as well, but I could never find a kiln that big! I want to make a few tiles as well. Someone gave me a site but it only told the history, sold there own tiles & had no crafting tips. So many sites selling. My question is what brand name& type of glaze or underglaze & sealer am I looking for? Not that paint or tile that I can't fire. It has to be waterproof & functionable. Is there a site that has step & where I can order such paint. What kind of bisque or pottery am I looking for? I am very artistic and I know I can do this, I just need the basics and the right supplies. If someone knows or has done any of this craft please advise me. There are no classes to take anywhere near my home. Here is an example of what I want to do. http://www.tierrayfuego.com/TalaveraTiles/images/0000_main_classic.jpg http://www.tierrayfuego.com/TalaveraTiles/Sinks/images/index_image_self_rimming_oval_sink.jpg I appreciate any advise

what does it take to become a teacher? i love working with kids. i enjoy it a lot and although teachers are highly underpaid i would still like to become a teacher. i am a junior in high school and trying to think ahead. i would most likely like to teach 3rd grade but i would accept any elementary school grade. what classes should i take my last few yrs of highschool?? (i have taken: Physical science honors, biology honors, [chemistry honors, marine science honors-currently] Algebra 1honors, Geometry honors, Algebra 2, some weird math right now. spanish 1, spanish 2, spanish 3, english 1, english2honors, english3honors ceramics/pottery, gym, health world history honors, american history honors) i am hoping to go to a small university and then transfer to a larger one after two years. what should i major/minor in??? .... i am so lost on this stuff idk what it means. any tips or other stuff i might need to know about etc??

Am I going to get into any semi-decent colleges? Freshman Year: Algebra I= D Algebra I (summer school)= B Physical Science= C+ English I= B+ World History I= C+ French II= C Sophomore Year Geometry= C Biology= C Honors English II= B US History II= C French III= C Pottery= B Junior Year Algebra II= C Chemistry= D Honors English III= B World History I= C Honors French IV= C Practical Law= C+ Lifeguarding= A+ First Aid= A+ Senior Year (Hasn't happened, yet!) Probability and Statistics= probably a B English IV= probably an A Physics= probably a B, B+ Graphical Design= A+ AP French= probably a B+ Other Stuff -Held a job for 4 years involving media writing and graphical design -FOUNDED high school's newspaper -Senior Editor of school newspaper for 2 years -involved on the school newspaper for all 4 years -certified in First Aid, certified lifeguard -I'll have really good recommendations! -my admissions essay is going to be AMAZING. What kind of schools will I get into? Any decent ones? I got an 1900 on my SAT's, by the way!

index cards? please tell me what to do with my index cards. i keep askign this but im not getting a good answer. what do i do with index cards.....7th grade subjects. i know about flashcards and research. but what else. i have american government,spanish,health,life science,plant science, algebra, pre calculus, english, creative composition, knitting, crocheting, pottery, american history, judaism, reading, ancient civilization, and cooking. these are my courses in my homeschooling online school i attend. please tell me maybe a little bit to do with each. i really want stuff other then flashcards and blah blah blah. i hope people can help. thanks very much just give me small ideas if you want

homeschooling mothers and teachers please read? i enjoy using index cards i have a lot of them. im in 7th grade and im homeschooled.i like ways to study and fun stuff with index cards. heres the question ive asked 5 times. ******************************************************************* i keep askign this but im not getting a good answer. what do i do with index cards.....7th grade subjects. i know about flashcards and research. but what else. i have american government,spanish,health,life science,plant science, algebra, pre calculus, english, creative composition, knitting, crocheting, pottery, american history, judaism, reading, ancient civilization, and cooking. these are my courses in my homeschooling online school i attend. please tell me maybe a little bit to do with each. i really want stuff other then flashcards and blah blah blah. i hope people can help. thanks very much please tell me i love index cards and i love school,,,,,,i want to fit them together.

Art history help 10pts? 1.The Lion Gate of Mycenae which is in southern Greece, is typical of the megalithic architecture of the same period using mosaic covered wooden beams to relieve some of the weight of the arch. True False 2.From pottery to painting to sculpture, Greeks moved toward portraying the human figure and the rest of the world with more true to life realism, as we actually see it. True False 3.The practice of cremation where the body of the deceased was burned in a ceremonial fire and the ashes were then deposited into a funerary vase was practiced widely in Greece. True False 4.The Peplos Kore sculpture of a woman, found on the Acropolis in Athens, is named "peplos" because it represented the seafaring culture of the Peplos Island. True False 5.A unique Greek krater, called the Francois Vase, displays the Geometric Style of registers to tell a story and it is one of the first such vessels to exhibit the name of both the potter and the painter who made it. True False

homeschooling parents and teachers please read? i keep doing this in differnt categorys. i dont get good answers though. please help. what do you have your students and kids do with index cards. if you dont have them use index cards can you give me ideas anyways please.this is my question ***************************************************************** i keep askign this but im not getting a good answer. what do i do with index cards.....7th grade subjects. i know about flashcards and research. but what else. i have american government,spanish,health,life science,plant science, algebra, pre calculus, english, creative composition, knitting, crocheting, pottery, american history, judaism, reading, ancient civilization, and cooking. these are my courses in my homeschooling online school i attend. please tell me maybe a little bit to do with each. i really want stuff other then flashcards and blah blah blah. i hope people can help. thanks very much please give me ideas thanks

Art History help 10 pts!? 1.The Roman structure called the Colosseum displays all 3 of the column types within the outer wall. True False 2.Potsherds, broken pieces of pottery, are among the most valuable of finds for the archeologist because they are used in dating the site in which they were found. True False 3.To answer correctly, the questions put to them by the god Osiris, early Egyptians of position would take Books of the Dead with them to the grave to ensure them entry into the serene Field of Reeds in the afterlife. True False 4.The She-Wolf could be described as a marriage of Etruscan and Roman art due to the stylized appearance of the wolf made by Etruscans and the realistic human twins added by Roman artists. True False 5.Stonehenge, the enormous circle of stones built in Prehistoric Europe, could be called a "megalithic" structure. True False

SENIOR YR CLASSES to prepare to become a PHYSICAL THERAPIST? i want to be a physical therapist. we are currently making our schedules for next year (my senior year yay!) and i was wondering what kinds of classes i should take to prepare myself. so far i have taken English 1, English 2 and 3 honors Physical Science honors, Biology honors, Chemistry honors, Marine Science World History honors, American History honors gym, health, pottery (required to take an art and gym/health) spanish 1,2 and 3 algebra 1 honors, geometry honors, algebra 2, algebra 3 ((i think that is it)) i was thinking of taking AP English (already signed up for) Government and Economics (required and already signed for) AP Psychology Anatomy Honors Physics Honors and then idk what else (possibly Computers or Spanish 4) is this good??? should i take something different???? remember i am preparing to be a physical therapist. thanks

cherokee indian project? hi, in my social studies class(8th grade) we were assigned a project where we had to create our own indian artifact, i was assigned the cherokee indians. i made some pottery and totally forgot about the 3 paragraph explaination/history, in this essay i have to explain the signifigance of the artifact. help! does anyone know anything about cherokee indians, i have googled, tried ask, yahoo search and havent found any thing!

Slaymaker& co ltd Covent Garden Enfield Wash.? Is there any one out there who knows anything about this pottery. I have a rather nice planter type dish that I would like to find out more about it's history.

What is a horizon marker? Need to know this for a history class in relation to various types of pottery.

Cat of nine tails? Repeated punching? Crucifixion? All for you, in your case did all of that do any good? Without you having to ask, Christ was beat with a CAT OF NINE TAILS, a whip with SHARP PIECES OF BONE AND POTTERY sewn it, so that it literally RIPPED the flesh off when it struck. He then was beaten punched over and over so severly that the Bible records " you could scarce tell that He was Human." And then to top it all of Jesus was crucified for our wrongs, He had committed no crimes of His own. IN YOUR CASE, DID ALL OF THAT ACCOMPLISH ANYTHING WITHIN YOU? ONLY YOU AND GOD CAN ANSWER THAT. History proves that Jesus really did live, and that He was executed. His word has survived centuries of criticism, and lives on, despite the great intellects that oppose it. What did all of Christs suffering accomplish within you? Are you ungrateful, uncaring, or are you humbled, and thankful?

"Archeologists discover first church..." did you get all excited, then disappointed too? (see details) http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080610/ts_afp/jordanreligionchristianarchaeology Did anyone else read this, get excited about such a new find that affirms our Christian history, only to be disappointed at the end because you know something is skewed about the dates? "...uncovered what we believe to be the first church in the world, dating from 33 AD to 70 AD..." Okay, kewl. And then... "...it was uncovered under Saint Georgeous Church, which itself dates back to 230 AD..." Okay, kewl again. But then, towards the end of the article, it says... "Researchers recovered pottery dating back to between the 3rd and 7th centuries" See the problem? How is it possible to uncover pottery from the 7th century under a church that was built in 230 AD? lol Can anyone enlighten me? What am I missing? I make no claim to knowing archeology other than in general. Please, no dismissals of all things Christian, I get that you don't believe in us my Atheist friends :)

Evolution is a hoax pt. 2? Evolutionists, I have a challenge for you. Can you show me(a link, a book, etc.) of any recorded history prior to 4000 B.C? Show me any evidence of civilization dating back longer than 4000 B.C. Show me any writings, carved stones, battles, wars, countries, ANY evidence of civilization. I am under the impression that evolution is a big hoax, but if you can prove me wrong, then I will embrace evolution. And I don't mean showing me a piece of pottery or jug you claim is 20,000 years old. Show me any recorded history, if you can. All of these answers seem clever, but it goes around the question. Show me evidence of ANY recorded civilization dating back longer than 4000 B.C. The burden of proof lies on the EVOLUTIONIST. Prove to me what I'm asking. Thanks for the insult DRAAGON. I'll have to return the favor someday. Does that mean you can't answer the question? Can you show me any writings? Evolutionists claim that we stopped evolving from apes 100,000 years ago. You mean to tell me that it took humanity 94,000 YEARS to learn how to write, communicate through drawings, etc.....? Geez. Where is the evidence. Cave paintings 30,000 years old? I assume you have some proof to back that up. mental10, perhaps I didn't make myself clear in my question. I'm talking about RECORDED HISTORY. Not something you claim to be millions of years old. I can grab any rock off the street, add mud to it, and say that radiocarbon dating places this rock at 70,000 years old. Show me a link of any recorded history. NOT ONE of you can do it. Actually, the cave painting arguments seem to prove that creationism exists. It lines up perfectly with scripture.Job 30:5,6 They were driven out from among men, They shouted at them as at a thief. They had to live in the clefts of the valleys, In caves of the earth and the rocks. ' Note that these were not ape-men, but descendants of those who scattered from Babel. Prove to me that THEY weren't the ones who drew on those cave walls.

What do you think of my school schedule? My school has block scheduling with alternating maroon and white days each with four classes. I am a Junior in high school yo. 1st Semester Maroon 1 - Advanced Language Maroon 2 - Pre-Calculus Maroon 3 - Sociology Maroon 4 - Study Hall White 1 - AP American History White 2 - Pre-Calculus White 3 - Computer Apps II White 4 - Honors Chemistry 2nd Semester Maroon 1 - Advanced Language Maroon 2 - Honors Chemistry Maroon 3 - Calculus Maroon 4 - Study Hall White 1 - Pottery II White 2 - Personal Finance White 3 - AP American History White 4 - Calculus

help, i need some advice? i am taking the following classes next year (sophomore year): english ii honors, spanish 3, global history ii honors, geometry, gym, and biology. besides those classes, i can take an elective such as baking or pottery, or i can take a second language. i want to go to a very good college, so i thought taking a language might look more impressive. but i'm afraid if i take french or italian, it will be too similar and it will be difficult to keep track. what should i do? available languages: mandarin, japanese, french, italian, german, latin

How do anthropologists link prehistoric, pre-writing archaeological findings together into units? Small chipped grooved rocks found all over America became 'Clovis culture'. Stone faces and daises unearthed in Veracruz/Tabasco became 'Olmec civilization'. Lines carved into an expanse of desert and pottery uncovered there became 'Nazca culture'. Anthropologists are great at lassoing together findings from various locations and times; these groups invariably become viewed as units, with one people speaking one language living by one set of beliefs and customs. If one lists the civs of ex-Yucatan Mesoamerica as 'Olmec, Teotihuacan, Toltec, Aztec', there is a sense that the Olmecs were a civilization like the Toltecs & the Aztecs. What is the standard by which anthropologists annotate the debris of history into groups? Why do these groupings invariably get interpreted as one unit/people, as opposed to several? If in 3000yrs our descendants dig up F-80 and MIG remains in Korea, will America and Russia end up grouped together as the 'great Korean steel-wing civilization'?

Why are we created? Why are we created? Those who believe in the Creator can answer the questions: where from? And where to? They know that they have come into existence by being created by the Creator and they also know that there is an eternal life after death. But what about the answer to the third question, that is: why have we been created? If we had been created by the Creator, shouldn’t we expect that He would tell us the purpose of our creation? Shouldn’t He tell us on what basis He is going to judge us on the Day of Judgment? What is the Islamic view? Muslims say they know the answers because they have the Quran. But people of other religions also have their own scriptures, so what is so special about the Quran? The Quran is basically a book of divine guidance in areas that cannot be covered by the human senses or intellect, such as faith, acts of worship, a moral code and a code that governs the transactions between people. These are the four basic foundations of religion, an area in which man always needs divine guidance. Muslims contend that the Quran is the last revealed scripture by Allah (Allah is the proper name of God and is not used to denote any other being. Therefore, I shall use the name Allah in preference to the word God). The Quran is the recorded words of Allah Himself dictated verbatim to the Prophet Muhammad in installments, verse by verse or a group of verses, through the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years between 610 and 633 AD. It is divided into 114 units, each called a surah. Muhammad received revelation of the Quranic surahs as and when Allah chose to bestow on him new revelation. At times several surahs, particularly the longer ones, were being revealed to him concurrently. Muhammad used to have a group of scribes entrusted with committing immediately whatever was revealed to him to writing. Those scribes used parchment, pottery, date palm leaves, flat stones, tree bark, wood, dried animal skins and even the shoulder blades of sheep or camels to write on; and the revealed verses were memorized by heart as the mere recitation of the Quran is in itself an act of worship, and as Muslims used these verses in their judgments and in their daily five prayers. In this manner, the verses of the Quran were preserved in the hearts of Muslims, as well as written down, during the lifetime of the Prophet. Muhammad was instructed by angel Gabriel where to place every new passage in the surahs. The surahs were named by divine decree, and Muhammad recited the whole of the Quran in front of Gabriel more than once in the last year of his life. Similarly, the arrangement of the surahs in a specific order was given by the Prophet Muhammad who indicated it mostly by reading the surahs, particularly in prayer, in a specific order. No revealed book has ever enjoyed the authenticity of the Quran or had the cherishing, reverence, surveillance and care of its followers as the Quran. The whole Quran has been memorized by a large number of Muslims in the lifetime of Muhammad . After Muhammad’s departure, the first Caliph, Abu Bakr, asked one of the original scribes, Zaid ibn Thabit, to be in charge of collecting the original writings of the Quranic revelations and writing down the whole Quran. Zaid produced a whole copy of the Quran written on pages of leather. It was arranged in the order we have today. This was done in the first two years after the Prophet’s death, since Abu Bakr ruled for less than two years. This copy was then entrusted with the second Caliph, Omar, and finally with the third Caliph, Othman. During the reign of Othman, the Arabs came to know the paper industry from China and Othman called on Zaid to head a committee of four Quranic scholars who would take on the task of making seven copies. Those seven copies (written 14 years after Muhammad’s death) were distributed to the various centers of the Muslim state to be the reference copy in each center. At least three of those original copies of the Quran are still intact, one in Tashkent, one in Istanbul, and one in Cairo. They do not differ in one letter from the millions of copies of the Quran that are in the hands of people today. This authentication of the last revelation is in itself miraculous. The Quran is the oldest book within the hands of humanity that has been kept intact in exactly the same language of revelation word for word and letter for letter. That is why the Quran is unique, because it is the word of the Creator in its purest divinity. Muslims believe in the authentic original revelations given to Prophets Moses, David and Jesus, but none of these original revelations is found intact, and none is found in the original language of revelation, and here the Quran stands unique in its divine purity. Again the Quran is different from any human writings because it is neither prose nor poetry. It came to the Arabs when they were at their peak in eloquence and challenged them to produce one single chapter of it, or similar to it, or to produce ten similar chapters or even a book like it. This challenge still exists today and no challenger is forthcoming. The early scholars of the Quran thought that its miraculous nature was due mainly to its style and beautiful expression. The beauty of expression is really unique and cannot be paralleled by human writings. That is why the early commentators of the Quran concentrated on its eloquence and style. Yet being the word of the Creator, any area that has been covered in the Quran must be unique. If you look at jurisprudence the Quran is unique, in the area of worship, the Quran instructs people how to worship Allah. The concepts of Divinity, prophet hood, and morality are all unique in the Quran. If we look at the narration of history of previous nations, one after the other, and how they received the divine message, their reaction towards it and what their reward or punishment was, at a time when there was no form of regular documentation whatsoever. The Quran talks about these successive nations without a single mistake, and modern archaeological discoveries are a testimony to this.

which is the best trip have you undertaken till date ? Hampi was not on our radar, while traveling to Chitradurga Fort, we planned for just a weekend getaway from Bangalore by car. After finishing the trip to Kalline Kote, we instinctively decided why not rush to Hampi? It is just 150 kms away, with small stretch of 18 kms of bad road before Kudilgi on NH 13. I happened to visit during 1978 along with my parents. In those days, it was typical village with a rustic atmosphere. There was not much interest among the tourist to visit this place, which was known as ruined city, without any guide we wandered cluelessly and we landed in the peak of summer to add to our discomfort. The only distinct memory was that of Inverted Gopuram of Virupakasha temple. After a gap of nearly 30 years I find that a new civilization has emerged. Perhaps after Hampi being declared a world heritage site in 1987, a mind blowing transformation has taken place at Hampi. It is as if history is being re-written, with guides, autorikshaw round trip, bike guides, and professional tour operators unleashing knowledge to tourists. There are exists lot of similarities between POMPEII & HAMPI. The common features are : 1. Road Network 2. Water Management 3. Temple construction 4. Public functions 5. Common Bath 6. Cultural Festivity 7 Art & Sculpture 8. Well defined markets.9 Brothels Lane. Trading activity were carried out between various parts of the world in both the periods. We find gems & jewellery being traded in the bazaars. All household articles such as pottery, grains, vegetables, fruits, beetlenut, flowers etc were being traded. Further brothel lanes were located in the bazaar for the visitors and artisans from outstation. Our first point of visit was Virupaksha temple which was guided by a foreigner, because we ignored the offer to be guided @ Rs 400/- for a trip, which we thought was exhorbitant. We entered the Virupaksha temple without any enterance fee ( between 6.30 to 8 am it is free entry) The sheer grandeur started unraveling. On the left there is a sanctum which is occupied by tourists for changeover, which is really surprising. The main temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is supposed to have been captivated by the dedication of Pampadevi. Lord Shiva consented to marry Pampa in his avatar as Virupaksha, the presiding deity. Behind the Virupaksha temple lies a room wherein we can view the inverted image of the main tower through a pin hole. It is application of Periscope principle. The bazaar in front of the Virupakasha temple is proposed to be shifted to another place to maintain the heritage look. The proposed shopping centre will be the main reporting centre for Hampi excursion. An organized trip with eco friendly mode of transport would be ideal. Further a fixed guide charges would be also be ideal depending on no of spots toured or time spent concept. After Virupaksha temple visit we walked across a lane adjescent to the right, just on a blinder, towards Hemkunta hill. Here one is astounded by the skills of rock carving work station.. It is like a canvas on which artist exhibits his painting. The granite was the main raw material for most types of monumental construction at the site – which was abundant in and around Hampi for over 200 kms. Traditionally, granite blocks were split by first cutting rows of closely spaced cubical holes into which wooden wedges were pounded. When wetted, the wedges expanded, thereby propagating deep cracks through the stone which split as per dimension required by the artisans. We found almost four temples, one was literally filled with water on the entrance, and other not so prominent temples, maybe created for low strata people of the times, even the poojary of the temple just gave us some insight, for which he was suitably tipped. The overnight heavy rain had made the rocky surface quite slippery, it was an adventure to climb Hemkunta hillock. The entire Hampi area, is visible in all its panaromic view. There is an acropolis type of two storey structure maybe for the kings to view. There is no description on this monument to my surprise. Once you start climbing down the steps which is neatly chiseled on the rocks it is adventurers delight, a neat landscaped garden leads to Sasvikalu Ganesha. It is a monolithic exposure of Lord Ganesha which is barricaded to prevent vandalism. Next we walk across we, come to Dodda Ganesh, which is again vandalized by Sultans, it is now a crude form, luckily the sanctum and veranda in not pillaged, the sculptures are exhuberance of dance and drama of the bygone era. Ugra Narasimha monolithic statue is located nearby along with Badavi Linga installed by a poor women. We got to know that autorikshaw guides are available @ Rs 250/- to take us around and we decided to hire such a guide. He spent 3 hours taking us around all the important landmark starting from Hemkunt Dodda Kalu Ganesh, Sasive Ganesh, Ugra Narasimha, Badavi Linga, Veerabhadra Temple, Lotus Mahal, Elephant’s Stable, Mahanavami Dibba, Hazaar Rama Temple & Vittala Temple. At the Mahanavmi Dibba, a celebration for Nine days was unfolded by the royalty. The king witnessed the cultural programmes such as folk dances, puppet show, fancy dress, fireworks, military parade, procession of horses and elephants, beginning with pooja to lord Durga. Even today the Government of Karnataka is trying to recreate the tradition of Vijayanagar empire by organizing HAMPI UTSAV in November first week every year. The Sultans wanted to build their own architectural edifice to match Vijaynagar rulers, Lotus Mahal, a summer resting palace was created. It had its own pond to cool the surroundings. Behind the Lotus Mahal, Elephant stables in 11 domed structure is built to house the royal animal. Once again this area is barricaded for renovation. Behind this stable if one is adventurous one can go on a trek to visit a temple winding into a mini forest. There is a small temple by the side of Lotus temple which on the outer wall of Lotus Mahal. After disposing the auto guide. We visited independently visited the balance places Sri Krishna temple, where one notices the vandalism of Sultans, who literally burnt down the temple along with people. It is rarely visited by tourist, the sculpture work is marvelous. Then went around back to Hazaar Rama temple, which is the ultimate exposure of the skills of the artisans on rock hewn walls, temples and pillars. It is a culmination of the golden era of Vijaynagar empire. It looks as if the Kings got into a mode of celeberation of life, without warfare. We find scenes from the epics Ramayana, hunting scenes, battleground warfare, courtesans entertaining the kings, hunting scene in olden days and in general description of all day to day events in the life of the royalty. The underground Shiva temple is a marvel. It is fed by water channels, which have entered the temple premises due to lack of conservation effort. Will ASI do some quick thinking otherwise it meet the fate of Musical pillar at Vittala temple. Museum at Kamalapura houses some of the restored sculptures and various other pieces of artwork is stored. Many foreign travelers scourge HAMPI in their quest for the hidden treasures of HAMPI by camping months together. Someday, someone is bound to hit the jackpot. Till then Hampi literally rocks.

Get into U Penn (Wharton)? College Resume? Hi my name is Dean. I was wondering if my college resume is good enough to get into University of Pennsylvania Wharton? I go to a private boarding school in Utah called Wasatch Academy.I am a junior and going to take the SAT this coming January. Here goes: Activities: Dorm Prefect (3 years, max) Honor Council Member (Hope to be president next year) 40+ hrs of community service projects National Honor Society Food Service Committee Mt. Pleasant Youth Council Math Competition Team International Class/Club Founder of Chess Club Hope to be : International Representative for STUCO (Student Council) Academics: 4.0+ GPA- consistent through 3 years so far Honors Classes: 2 in English, 2 in History, 2 in math, and 1 in Science AP Classes: US history,EnglishCalculus (AB),Calculus (BC not yet taken),Chemistry (not yet taken)Biology (possibly) 2 years in art 4 years in pottery Student of the year- Biology 3 years scholarship~$3000 per year SAT:1800-2100 **please ask questions -not all info.. I am from Taiwan...Premanent Citizen of U.S. Never taken ESL...No Accent... I have taken SAT II Chinese (790) if i need to retake Im sure i can get 800 I plan to take SAT II Math next year pretty close to 800 any easy SAT II subjects u recommend?

Looking to find inspiration for an "Art History" Project...?!? I'm NOT an art major, but i'm taking an "Art History" elective, a part of our grade is an actual project. We were just given the assignment, which isn't due until mid April; though, I have no idea what precisely i'd like to make, nor a good way to go about doing it. So, to help me brainstorm, maybe trigger some embedded creativity, I thought i'd inquire if anybody had basic suggestions?, or could educate me with their advice? I know it's a broad question, hence, answers might be obscure and/or vague It can be in any form my mind comes up with(painting/drawing/sketch/stained glass/sculpture/statue/diagram/pottery/multimedia/song/video...ETC); and I can choose any concept from "Western Culture" We've traced back to paleolithic man. My areas of interest are Egypt, Greek, Roman, Early medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic Art; although i'll do another subject if more convenient. All feedback is appreciated (Even if you tell me to build a pyramid from sugar cubes) Thanks a bunch..!!

this is an article on cave art for school. is it good for an article? is this good for a magazine article? More Cave Art Found in Chauvet, France! Early this week archaeologists were gazing through the Chauvet cave or Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave once more and discovered a secret opening in the south end of the cave. Archaeologist, Ragan Anne, found the opening when using a magnifying glass to study a drawing of a bison. She walked through the opening and the opening lead to a small room with hundreds of drawings. According to Anne it looked like the cave had not been visited in thousands of years. “The room was as dark as the ocean floor, with dust everywhere.” said Anne. “There was a huge mural on the wall on the right to the room’s door. It appeared to be a man killing a line with a spear.” Ragan Anne had also found several items of pottery, and bones from grizzly bears. Anne guessed that the art is from about 30,000B.C. She has continued to return to the cave but has found no other pieces of history. -Morgan Wierd November 1, 2007

HISTORY of Egyptian, Greek and Chinese pottery? some like main fact or things its for my art course work urmm like 2 how far they date bakc to things like that aswell